Why 72 Hours?

During major emergencies — hurricanes, earthquakes, severe winter storms, or widespread power outages — emergency services can be overwhelmed or inaccessible. FEMA and the American Red Cross recommend that every household be prepared to sustain itself for a minimum of 72 hours (three days) without outside assistance. In many situations, authorities recommend preparing for up to two weeks.

Building a 72-hour emergency kit doesn't require a large investment all at once. Start with the essentials and add to it over time.

Water: The Top Priority

Water is the single most critical supply in any emergency.

  • Amount needed: Store at least one gallon of water per person per day (this covers drinking and basic sanitation). For a family of four, that's 12 gallons for 72 hours.
  • Store water in food-grade sealed containers. Replace every six months.
  • Include water purification tablets or a portable filter (like a LifeStraw) as a backup.

Food Supplies

  • Non-perishable foods that require little or no cooking: canned goods, dried fruit, nuts, granola bars, peanut butter, crackers.
  • A manual can opener — often overlooked.
  • Consider any dietary needs, allergies, or medical requirements in your household.
  • Don't forget infant formula, baby food, or pet food if applicable.
  • Rotate food stock every 12 months.

First Aid Kit

A fully stocked first aid kit is essential. Make sure yours includes:

  • Adhesive bandages (multiple sizes), gauze pads, and medical tape
  • Antiseptic wipes and antibiotic ointment
  • Tweezers, scissors, and a thermometer
  • Pain relievers (acetaminophen, ibuprofen)
  • Prescription medications — maintain at least a 7-day supply
  • First aid manual

Light, Power & Communication

  • Flashlights with extra batteries (or hand-crank/solar models)
  • Battery-powered or hand-crank NOAA weather radio — critical for receiving emergency alerts without internet
  • Portable phone charger (power bank) — keep it charged
  • Extra batteries in common sizes (AA, AAA, D)
  • Candles and waterproof matches or lighters (use cautiously indoors)

Shelter & Warmth

  • Mylar emergency blankets (compact and highly effective)
  • Warm clothing and sturdy shoes for each family member
  • Rain ponchos or waterproof outerwear
  • Sleeping bags rated for your climate if you may need to leave home

Documents & Cash

  • Copies of important documents in a waterproof bag: ID, passports, insurance cards, medical records, bank account info
  • Small amount of cash in small bills — ATMs and card readers may be offline
  • A written list of emergency contacts (don't rely solely on your phone)

Tools & Miscellaneous

  • Multi-tool or Swiss Army knife
  • Whistle (to signal for help)
  • Dust masks or N95 respirators
  • Plastic sheeting and duct tape (for sheltering in place)
  • Sanitation supplies: hand sanitizer, moist towelettes, trash bags, toilet paper
  • Local maps — GPS may be unavailable

Store It Smartly

Keep your kit in a designated, easy-to-grab location — a large backpack or durable plastic bin works well. Store it somewhere accessible but protected from extreme temperatures. Review and restock your kit at least once a year, ideally every six months.

The best time to build your emergency kit is before you need it. Start today with what you have, and build from there.